In what ways can contaminants affect reaction outcomes?

Contaminants can significantly impact reaction outcomes, primarily by inhibiting reactions and lowering yields. When impurities are present in a chemical reaction, they can interfere with the reactants, competing for the active sites of catalysts or reacting with reactants before they can participate in the intended reaction. This can lead to a decrease in the formation of the desired product, thus lowering the overall yield.

In addition to inhibiting the reaction itself, contaminants can also lead to the formation of by-products. These by-products may further complicate the purification process, resulting in a final product of lower purity. Therefore, the presence of contaminants should be carefully controlled or minimized during experimental procedures to ensure optimal reaction conditions and to achieve the best possible yields of the intended products.